T-Tail HALE 01：读取与三维重建¶

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把 SHARPy 官方 simple_HALE T-tail HALE 输入文件读取并重建。

0. 导入公共工具¶

In [1]:

import os
import sys
from pathlib import Path

os.environ.setdefault("MPLCONFIGDIR", str(Path("_sharpy_runs") / ".mplconfig"))

candidate_dirs = [
    Path.cwd(),
    Path.cwd() / "docs" / "reference-aircraft",
    Path("docs/reference-aircraft"),
]
for candidate in candidate_dirs:
    if (candidate / "ttail_hale_utils.py").exists():
        sys.path.insert(0, str(candidate.resolve()))
        break
else:
    raise FileNotFoundError("没有找到 ttail_hale_utils.py。请从仓库根目录或 docs/reference-aircraft 目录运行本 Notebook。")

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from IPython.display import HTML, display

import ttail_hale_utils as hale

hale.configure_plots()

import os import sys from pathlib import Path os.environ.setdefault("MPLCONFIGDIR", str(Path("_sharpy_runs") / ".mplconfig")) candidate_dirs = [ Path.cwd(), Path.cwd() / "docs" / "reference-aircraft", Path("docs/reference-aircraft"), ] for candidate in candidate_dirs: if (candidate / "ttail_hale_utils.py").exists(): sys.path.insert(0, str(candidate.resolve())) break else: raise FileNotFoundError("没有找到 ttail_hale_utils.py。请从仓库根目录或 docs/reference-aircraft 目录运行本 Notebook。") import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np from IPython.display import HTML, display import ttail_hale_utils as hale hale.configure_plots()

1. 准备官方 T-Tail HALE 输入文件¶

prepare_hale_case 会从当前 SHARPy 安装里定位 cases/coupled/simple_HALE/generate_hale.py，复制到 _sharpy_runs/，然后在本地工作目录生成 .fem.h5、.aero.h5 和 .sharpy。这样不会改动 site-packages 里的官方文件。

In [2]:

FORCE_REGENERATE = True

case_dir = hale.prepare_hale_case("01_reconstruction", force=FORCE_REGENERATE)
model = hale.read_model(case_dir)

print("case directory:", case_dir)
for suffix in [".fem.h5", ".aero.h5", ".sharpy"]:
    path = case_dir / f"{hale.CASE_NAME}{suffix}"
    print(path.name, "exists:", path.exists(), "size:", path.stat().st_size)

FORCE_REGENERATE = True case_dir = hale.prepare_hale_case("01_reconstruction", force=FORCE_REGENERATE) model = hale.read_model(case_dir) print("case directory:", case_dir) for suffix in [".fem.h5", ".aero.h5", ".sharpy"]: path = case_dir / f"{hale.CASE_NAME}{suffix}" print(path.name, "exists:", path.exists(), "size:", path.stat().st_size)

case directory: _sharpy_runs/ttail_hale_reference_aircraft/01_reconstruction/simple_HALE
simple_HALE.fem.h5 exists: True size: 22552
simple_HALE.aero.h5 exists: True size: 65512
simple_HALE.sharpy exists: True size: 5421

2. 气动面和舵面清单¶

这个模型有 5 个气动面：左右主翼、垂尾、左右平尾。控制面有 2 个：平尾升降舵和垂尾方向舵。如下表所示：

In [3]:

display(HTML(hale.html_table(hale.surface_summary(model))))
display(HTML(hale.html_table(hale.control_surface_summary(model))))
display(HTML(hale.html_table(hale.model_checks(model))))

display(HTML(hale.html_table(hale.surface_summary(model)))) display(HTML(hale.html_table(hale.control_surface_summary(model)))) display(HTML(hale.html_table(hale.model_checks(model))))

surface id	name	m panels	span/y range [m]	height/z range [m]	control
0	right main wing	4	15.7588	1.3681	-
1	left main wing	4	15.7588	1.3681	-
2	vertical fin / rudder	4	0.0000	2.5000	rudder on vertical fin
3	right horizontal tail / elevator	4	2.5000	0.0000	elevator on horizontal tail
4	left horizontal tail / elevator	4	2.5000	0.0000	elevator on horizontal tail

control id	role	initial deflection [deg]	surfaces
0	elevator on horizontal tail	-2.0800	right horizontal tail / elevator left horizontal tail / elevator
1	rudder on vertical fin	0.0000	vertical fin / rudder

check	passed
aerodynamic surfaces	yes
control surfaces	yes
finite structural coordinates	yes
finite chord values	no
right/left main wing span dominates tail	yes

3. 三维总览¶

这张图把梁单元、气动面和控制面叠在一起。蓝色是主翼，灰色是机身，紫色是垂尾，青色是平尾，橙色/红色是控制面区域。

In [4]:

traces = hale.aircraft_traces_from_model(model, show_controls=True)
points, labels = hale.aircraft_label_points(model)
traces.append(hale.label_trace(points, labels))

hale.show_plotly(
    traces,
    "T-Tail HALE reference aircraft: beams, aero surfaces and controls",
    camera={"eye": {"x": 1.6, "y": -1.95, "z": 0.9}},
)

traces = hale.aircraft_traces_from_model(model, show_controls=True) points, labels = hale.aircraft_label_points(model) traces.append(hale.label_trace(points, labels)) hale.show_plotly( traces, "T-Tail HALE reference aircraft: beams, aero surfaces and controls", camera={"eye": {"x": 1.6, "y": -1.95, "z": 0.9}}, )

4. 舵面聚焦¶

如果后面要做 trim，最容易出错的是控制面编号和物理舵面含义对不上。这里专门看尾翼区域：control_surface = 0 对应平尾升降舵，control_surface = 1 对应垂尾方向舵。

In [5]:

control_traces = hale.aircraft_traces_from_model(model, show_controls=True)
hale.show_plotly(
    control_traces,
    "Control-surface focus: elevator and rudder regions",
    camera={"eye": {"x": 1.35, "y": -1.7, "z": 0.75}},
)

control_traces = hale.aircraft_traces_from_model(model, show_controls=True) hale.show_plotly( control_traces, "Control-surface focus: elevator and rudder regions", camera={"eye": {"x": 1.35, "y": -1.7, "z": 0.75}}, )

5. 三视图检查¶

In [6]:

fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(11.2, 3.4))
views = [
    (0, 1, "top view: x-y", "x [m]", "y [m]"),
    (0, 2, "side view: x-z", "x [m]", "z [m]"),
    (1, 2, "front view: y-z", "y [m]", "z [m]"),
]

for ax, (i_axis, j_axis, title, xlabel, ylabel) in zip(axes, views):
    for surface_id in range(len(model["aero"]["surface_m"])):
        grid = hale.surface_grid_from_model(model, surface_id)["xyz"]
        color = hale.COMPONENT_COLORS.get(surface_id, hale.COLORS["grey"])
        for strip in grid:
            ax.plot(strip[:, i_axis], strip[:, j_axis], color=color, linewidth=0.8, alpha=0.65)
        for chord_line in np.swapaxes(grid, 0, 1):
            ax.plot(chord_line[:, i_axis], chord_line[:, j_axis], color=color, linewidth=0.6, alpha=0.45)
    coords = model["fem"]["coordinates"]
    ax.scatter(coords[:, i_axis], coords[:, j_axis], s=6, color=hale.COLORS["dark"], alpha=0.6)
    ax.set_title(title, loc="left")
    ax.set_xlabel(xlabel)
    ax.set_ylabel(ylabel)
    ax.axis("equal")
    ax.grid(True, color=hale.COLORS["light_grey"], linewidth=0.6)

hale.finish_figure(fig)

fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(11.2, 3.4)) views = [ (0, 1, "top view: x-y", "x [m]", "y [m]"), (0, 2, "side view: x-z", "x [m]", "z [m]"), (1, 2, "front view: y-z", "y [m]", "z [m]"), ] for ax, (i_axis, j_axis, title, xlabel, ylabel) in zip(axes, views): for surface_id in range(len(model["aero"]["surface_m"])): grid = hale.surface_grid_from_model(model, surface_id)["xyz"] color = hale.COMPONENT_COLORS.get(surface_id, hale.COLORS["grey"]) for strip in grid: ax.plot(strip[:, i_axis], strip[:, j_axis], color=color, linewidth=0.8, alpha=0.65) for chord_line in np.swapaxes(grid, 0, 1): ax.plot(chord_line[:, i_axis], chord_line[:, j_axis], color=color, linewidth=0.6, alpha=0.45) coords = model["fem"]["coordinates"] ax.scatter(coords[:, i_axis], coords[:, j_axis], s=6, color=hale.COLORS["dark"], alpha=0.6) ax.set_title(title, loc="left") ax.set_xlabel(xlabel) ax.set_ylabel(ylabel) ax.axis("equal") ax.grid(True, color=hale.COLORS["light_grey"], linewidth=0.6) hale.finish_figure(fig)